Post-Fukushima: Japan’s commitment to solar power

By Joel Stein

Japan is always at the cutting edge of technology, and is one of the world’s leading solar panel manufacturers. It has been steadily increasing its own solar power infrastructure since the 1990s, and now ranks in the top 5 countries in terms of the number of solar photovoltaic panels installed.

In 2008, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade & Industry set a target of 70% of newly-built homes being able to generate their own solar power. In 2009, they said they were aiming for 10% of all primary domestic energy demand to be met through solar PV by 2050.

At the time, these seemed like reasonably ambitious goals. Since then, however, Japan has experienced a devastating earthquake and tsunami, which led to a major (and ongoing) crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. This has prompted Japan to re-evaluate its dependence on nuclear, and reappraise the energy-generating potential of solar.

Japan is now considering legislation that would require all new buildings, both residential and commercial, to be fitted with rooftop solar panels by 2030. It is expected that Prime Minister Naoto Kan will announce this at the 37th G8 Summit, taking place from 26-27 May in Deauville, France.

In order to cut greenhouse gas emissions, Japan had planned to increase nuclear energy production so that it would provide over 50% of the country’s electricity by 2030, but this now looks highly improbable.

Meanwhile, Japanese telecom company Softbank has announced that it plans to invest $97 million in an ‘Eastern Japan Solar Belt’. CEO and president Masayoshi Son is the richest man in Japan, and has been vocal in the campaign for a departure from nuclear. He will be launching a ‘Natural Energy Council’ with local authorities in July in order to promote renewable power.

Japan is by no means alone in its enthusiasm for solar power – a new report from consultancy firm KPMG suggests that falling costs mean that solar can provide 7% of India’s total power by 2022, reducing the country’s CO2 emissions by 2.6% and creating major employment opportunities.

The UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has also produced a report, suggesting that as much as a third of the planet’s entire electricity supply could be delivered through solar PV by 2050. The IPCC has projected that up to 77% of global energy demand could be met using renewable sources (including solar) by 2050, but stressed that this would require $12 trillion of investment over the next 2 decades, and acknowledged that their would be serious technical and political obstacles.

The events in Japan have had a tragic human cost, causing suffering on an incomprehensible scale. One positive outcome of the disaster, however, could be a safer, greener and more secure future for the country. Indeed, this could yet be a turning point for global attitudes towards energy and environmental issues, but nothing should be taken for granted.

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More Efficient and Affordable Solar Power: Developments that are Changing the Industry

By Kriss Bergethon

Solar power was discovered over 170 years ago, but it didn’t become a viable technology until the 1950s. The high cost of producing solar cells meant that the concept remained in limited use up until recently. Renewed interest in solar power has brought investment and research that vastly improved the collection capacity of the cells.

The following are three innovations that have lowered the cost, increased efficiency and made obtaining a setup that much easier.

1. Thin-Film Solar Collection Cells Can Cut Costs by Half

Ask anyone what they think a solar power system looks like. Most likely their response will be that it is a large, window-like set up that has black panels set on a frame. This is the most well-known type of solar collection system, known as crystalline panels. These panels kept the overall costs high, as they require a high degree of quality control to build.

Thin film solar cells are nothing like the crystalline panels. They are thin and flexible, often shipped rolled up. Manufacturing a panel is akin to printing on paper, which has reduced the price of an individual cell. Ease of construction has brought the price of a thin-film panel costs around $1 a watt. Compare that to the cost of crystalline panels, which cost in the $2 a watt range.

2. Micro-Inverters Increase the Affordability of Solar Power Systems

The inverter is the lynchpin of a solar power setup. Power that is generated from the solar panels is direct current (DC), and needs to be converted into alternating current (AC). The inverter does the job of current conversion. It is a necessary item because most household appliances run off AC, and cannot operate on DC.

Inverters on old systems were expensive, bulky and created a lot of excess heat. The price of the least expensive unit pushed the overall cost of a modest solar power setup to more than $10,000.

The invention of microinverters has reduced the startup cost of a solar power system to around $1,000, one-tenth the price of a traditional setup. This drastic price drop has opened up access to more people who want a small solar power system, but couldn’t afford it otherwise.

3. New Panel Rack Systems have Decreased the Overall Cost of Installation

A large portion of the cost for a solar power setup is the labor that goes into mounting the solar panel racks. Installing the bolts into the roof, then setting up the panel rails is a tedious and time-consuming job.

New racking systems have come onto the market, ones that eliminate most of the labor. These new systems are installed in much less time, saving the consumer money.

The cost of solar power installations has come down dramatically in the past few years. In the coming years, consumers will most likely see even larger drops in cost. Renewable energy such as solar power has the potential to compete with fossil fuels in the near future.


Author Bio

Kriss Bergethon is a solar professional and writer from Colorado. Visit his site at Solar Panels for more information.

Posted in Solar power | 1 Comment

Solar power can fuel the world

New IPCC report says that renewable energy can power the world

By Rob Plastow

A new report by the IPCC issued today says that solar power holds the greatest hope for generating low-carbon energy around the world.

The UN’s IPCC is home to world’s leading climate scientists and their report will bring much hope and encouragement to a growing alternative energy sector.

The new report is the first time the IPCC have examined low-carbon energy in any great depth and its findings show that future of renewable energy production should not be under-estimated. The report also notes that many forms of renewable energy are still more expensive than fossil fuels and therefore increased production is needed in order for prices to fall. The authors state that production of alternative energy will have to increase by up to 20-fold on current levels for it to help avoid dangerous climate change.

The report also heralds renewable energy as a more prevalent energy source by 2050 than either nuclear or carbon capture and storage and asserts that investing in renewables can also aid development in poor countries, particularly where many live off-grid.
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Uncertainty, being and consciousness

By Margot Woodford

I am a human being. There are billions like me. I can’t possibly be alone, the odds are stacked too heavily for that to be. My thoughts and feelings and outlook on life are not those of the men I have been aspiring to mimic.

I am without one to mimic and I’m sure there are plenty of other people who feel the same these days. Our myths and our stories have been rationalized and replaced with only that which is certain. Yet we live in uncertainty, the universe is uncertain. Particles and people, satellites and suns carry in every atom that which we know to be certain sitting on top of uncertainty, within uncertainty knowing only little about ourselves through increments of centuries. We have all grown from nowhere into this world of matter and things we see before us through a chain of humans, back to the very first one, and further through all organisms to the birth of life itself, and the pregnant planet that bore it. A force that must have its origin in all origin, and therefore akin to existence itself. Everything is then an emanation of a driving force of existence, the same force that at varying levels of complexity, through cells and motherboards or people and planes causes all things to be. Existence as energy and force woven into the fabric of space and time, there is no disconnection, merely words for one great thing. And we too are a part of that.

Humans are swimming in the universe as water within water. The universe, as its name implies, is one thing, of which we are a part. Words break existence as ideas do consciousness. They are all merely emanations of one thing, existence and the physical world we perceive. Our scientists are positive this is the case and so, in those extreme cases, choose to live only with the little we can be certain about. The rest is left to the unfathomable until it can be evidently shown otherwise. This time lag of assurance and promulgation of the nature of the world as it can be agreed upon is humble enough to withdraw its grandiose assertions of the understanding of the universe when eventually someone sees it all from a different place in space, time or the mind itself. Yet scientists seem so sure as if they’ve cracked it and seen through the eyes of God each time they claim to do so and in many instances that is the best way to describe it. But this happens in increments, someone else always comes along and reshapes the whole understanding of what existence even is given enough time.

But the worst times are when uncertainty looms overhead, becoming harder and harder to ignore, no one saying anything, the certain standing steadfast as loyal subjects or disciples of truth. That is where we are heading today, on a psychological passion of humanity and civilization and existence itself as it was before man emerged and named it. We have seen the Last Supper, Dali’s crucifixion, the ghost world of existentialism and the hard bloody reality of matter. What we are yet to see is the immaterial, the non-physical, the sub-atomic, the euphemistic and elusive dark matter, the depths of space and the light and dark therein.

The door out of certainty leads to the void. We are stood on its edge embracing our 20th Century fathers goodbye as his daughter in a kiss seen by Klimt, leaving him to the world our old God’s kept and searching for the one they lost. But this kiss is foreboding to our souls, we avert our eyes, there is too much beauty to be missed and so little certainty ahead, into which we must trust our selves only. Through us speak the lessons of evolution; silently, intuitively and unconsciously, as if they held no space at all and yet we feel them. What is man but thought and matter interlaced? My ideas hold no space, they only transfer through the material world in action. My brain activity in its physical sense is a reaction, an effect to a previous action or cause. The primary cause of an idea that did not heretofore exist in my brain must emanate from something else, something immaterial made possible by the material. It’s source can be burrowed through the labyrinth of my entire memory, or into the atoms of my physical brain ad infinitum. We know of no limit, nor has any other that has come before us. This space has been guarded by Gods or additional words created to map existence in any decipherable way it may present itself physically, even the tiniest of physical traces. There are always more words and labels for what we can see, each word is a flame that lights a thought.

Beyond there is only darkness, as decipherable as death. In the West we know not what death is, we have held that experience of death in life is unobservable by definition, you can’t come back. Therefore we hold that no living person can know of death. Yet we know it to be certain. And it is all around us, constantly becoming, changing from one death to another through each thing that comes and passes – that which is held in the eternal present’s eye, kept moist in life. It knows no past or future, only timeless immediacy where letters fly off a spinning target with every name we try to throw.

Posted in Culture, Green living, Uncategorized | 1 Comment

Pesticides causing bee colony collapse disorder

By Kieron Casey

Bees are widely considered an integral part of the world’s ecosystem. They are perhaps the most universally loved insect and are as synonymous with the summer time as clear skies, blossoming flowers and the garden shed.

Their importance is such that a quote attributed to Albert Einstein states the entire existence of humankind relies on bees survival: “If the bee disappears from the surface of the earth, man would have no more than four years to live. No more bees, no more pollination… no more men!” This observation makes the fact that bees appear to be dying out all the more worrisome.

Nobody is quite sure exactly why bee populations have begun to plummet but there are a few reasons that could be considered contributory factors. The first is disease from mites and virus infections which have spread quickly throughout bee populations. Changing weather patterns are also an issue. Global warming has made summers wetter than before and contributed to the time of year bees can go searching for food; this has unbalanced bees foraging routines. Loss of habitat could have also encouraged the demise of bees. An example of how the environment is changing to the detriment of insects is highlighted by the fact that flower-rich grasslands in England have declined by 97% over 60 years.

Perhaps the most controversial issue regarding the decline of bees, however, are insecticides, pesticides and their alleged culpability. Recent findings by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) show that neonicotinoid pesticides, used on millions of acres of crops across the country, harm honeybees even at extremely low doses.

Many people are therefore speculating a direct causal link between pesticides and the strange annual recurrence of colony collapse disorder. Every year since the first reporting of this disorder in 2006, large waves of the honeybee population have begun to die with some beekeepers reporting losses of up to 90% of their hives.

Another new and strange phenomenon is the behaviour of bees that have begun to seal off various pollen filled cells in their hive. The bees’ behaviour could perhaps be explained by scientists who found that, upon testing these cells, the sealed areas contained high levels of toxins and pesticides. That bees are sealing themselves off from pollen could suggest their disdain for pesticides and their sentience of something being wrong.

Entombing was first noticed in a scientific paper from 2009 but the topic has been brought back to prominence with the continual drop in bee population and the USDA’s recent findings. This has led to many calling for the ban of certain pesticides to protect the world’s bee population.

The latest report by USDA has lead to many questions about the uses of insecticide in the future but whether this leads to any type of ban is unknown. What these findings mean for the future of bees is also uncertain but one fact is clear. There are currently 250 known species of bumble bee but, at the current rate of decline, this number may soon decrease.

 

Author Bio

Kieron Casey is a BA (Hons) Journalism graduate writing on behalf of Equanet. He is a green minded vegetarian who blogs on a number of issues including the environment, IT Solutions, education and entertainment.

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Guest Post: How to safely recycle electrical equipment

By Kieron Casey

Every year over half a million tonnes of electrical equipment is thrown away in Britain alone. A large percentage of this discarded equipment could be recycled, given away or even fixed.

Another problem is when the electrical equipment is thrown away with regular household rubbish; whereas some household waste decomposes and causes no harm, much electronic equipment contains chemicals which can be poisonous to the environment. These include lead and mercury.

Another point of note is the inclusion of precious metals such as gold and silver used in electrical items which are simply thrown away with plastics and other trash. These account for some of the main reasons the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) was introduced into UK law in January 2006 to try and promote the reuse and recovery of unwanted goods.

Of the unwanted electrical items that are thrown away, it is often possible to re-use the item’s cables and plugs. In fact, on more than 50 per cent of occasions, electronic items that are disposed of are either still fully functional or could easily be repaired. Instead of throwing away unwanted equipment, such as old television or phones, it is a far more environmentally friendly proposition to look for friends or relatives who may be interested in your unwanted goods. That’s not to mention that there is always the option of donating to charity shops or other charities who accept many items including power tools.

If you are unable to find a home for your equipment make sure it is recycled with the utmost care and safety in mind. This saves energy and, crucially, the environment being exposed to dangerous chemicals. If your goods possess a symbol showing a crossed out wheelie bin then in no circumstances place this in a bin with the rest of your rubbish; the sign indicates this would be a dangerous activity. If these goods were to end up in landfill or incineration, toxic chemicals, metals and associated solders, glues and plastics would cause a number of environmental and health damages. Places where you can take your equipment for recycling include local civic amenity centres or household waste recycling centres. Both of these facilities will recycle your goods for free but there is also the option of arranging for a local authority to pick up any goods you cannot deliver, particularly large ones, although this could result in a small charge for this service.

Finally there are smaller considerations to bear in mind. One example is items such as laptops and mobile phones, which both contain batteries which can also be recycled. Collection bins for batteries are available at most supermarkets or shops which stock batteries so it is possible to do a small bit for the environment on a shopping trip out.

Kieron Casey is a BA (Hons) Journalism graduate writing on behalf of Sims Recycling. He is a green minded vegetarian who blogs on a number of issues including the environment, WEEE recycling, education and entertainment. If you wish to see him struggle getting to grips with Twitter than check out his new account here.

Posted in Recycling | Tagged , , | 1 Comment

US Energy Use and Climate Change

Have a look at this excellent flow diagram from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. It shows America’s energy use in one image.

There’s a lot of waste, a lot of fossil fuels and nowhere near enough renewables. The following year, 2010, saw record temperatures recorded by NOAA, NASA and the MET Office. Other than the inertia of business as usual and the power of the oil and gas lobby, there is no reason why the richest country in the world has such a poor energy policy.

Let’s hope that one day in the not so distant future, we can use this image as a baseline with which to see some much needed progress and a good helping of political backbone.

Click it to see a bigger pic on grist.com

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The other CO2 problem: ocean acidification

Hat tip to Skeptical Science – a new documentary by the NRDC with beautiful imagery, touching comment and an inspiring call to arms, called Acid Test brings to the fore the often overlooked impacts of increased CO2 emissions on our oceans. Not only do raises in temperature affect the life in the seas but the increasing CO2 concentrations cause acidification, leading to erosion of reefs and the inability of shellfish to create their shells amongst many other notable causes for concern.

To find out more, just watch the video:

Posted in Climate Change, Research | Leave a comment

New blog: Carbon Footnotes

All my articles and posts will be put up on a new blog Carbon Footnotes and I will be adding to it freely in a more personal capacity than I have otherwise done on this blog or at the Earthscan blog.

Stay tuned by following me on Twitter @RobPlastow

Posted in News, Sustainability | Leave a comment

Floods of 2000 linked to global warming

By Rob Plastow
This week the science journal Nature published two major pieces of research that may change the way we think about observing the links between single events and global warming.

One of the studies focuses on an event that can easily be recalled to memory by people in the UK of voting age, and can potentially make connections in the mind between then, now and climate change in a way that heretofore would have mostly resided in speculation. In doing so, it helps to make global warming more tangible, albeit still ever elusive and complex.

Back in 2000, I used to walk to college everyday from my then home of the Quay in Exeter, Devon. One September afternoon I clearly remember getting drenched in a downpour that had been a part of a spate of rain that had caused the River Exe to burst its banks. Much of the Exe Valley between Exeter and Tiverton was flooded and the rising of the Exe also caused the Quay itself to become a good few feet under water.

I had never, and to this day still have not, experienced quite the drenching I got that day walking through fast flowing streams over the city’s concrete and tarmac. I soon became so wet that I quickly reached the point of no longer caring as there was no where on my body left to be drenched.

At the time I remember cursing the increased amount of roads and concrete that may have led to increased run-off and therefore contributed to the floods but my thoughts did not immediately point the blame towards climate change. Weather is not climate, and in the middle of that down pour as much as I may have pondered the connection, such a claim could not be made.

Whilst watching the reporting and coverage of floods, hurricanes and other weather events that have had considerable impact over the decade since, I have often wanted to know if they are indicative of changes caused by global warming. Freak floods, heatwaves, droughts, increased numbers of events and so on seemed to be pointing towards climate change in my mind but that is not to say there is a demonstrable link between the two – climate science is anything but black and white.

Could it have also been that with the arrival of 24 hour news channels and my increased use of the internet for news and information, I and many others like me were and are, simply finding more information and being bombarded with coverage that in earlier years would have gone unseen or unheard?

So this week’s news came as welcome relief for my ponderings over a decade ago whilst drenched on my walk home from college.

The first study in the much discussed issue of Nature highlights how human induced increases in greenhouse gases have contributed to the observed intensification of heavy precipitation events in the Northern Hemisphere. The second shows that it is ‘very likely’ that global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions substantially increased the risk of flood occurrence in England and Wales in the autumn of 2000, in which I only got soaked whilst many others suffered severe damage to their property and homes or their health.

The researchers in the latter study used several thousands of computer modelled sequences to determine whether increased CO2 levels affected the probability of the event occurring. They looked at scenarios with and without human induced greenhouse gas releases and found that in 9 out of 10 cases their model results indicated that twentieth-century anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions increased the risk of floods occurring in England and Wales in autumn 2000 by more than 20%, and in two out of three cases by more than 90%.

Not only I am glad to know that climate modelling and science is getting better, but I’m hopeful for how the study may change the way insurers, policy makers and leaders are going to have to think about climate change adaptation from now on when they deal with assessments of risk, probability and responsibility.

If the results of these two studies add to their understanding of global warming, as they have to mine, as a real and direct threat to today’s world and not just some distant future, perhaps they will help us move forward with speed and help us avoid getting caught in a storm.

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